You know, Anon – that’s a very good idea!
So – for anyone who was not aware, the treaty that the historical Maroons signed, and that was the basis for the treaty Woodes Rogers offered in the show – sucked. It sucked big time, and here’s why.
A little background. Historically, the Maroon Wars were ended by not one but two treaties, given that there were two different groups of Maroons, the Windward and Leeward Maroons, both of whom inhabited Jamaica at the time. I’ve picked out a selection of clauses from both treaties, because they strongly resemble each other.
All of these quotes come from the website of the National Library of Jamaica
Source
So – Problematic Clause Number One:
That the said Captain Cudjoe, the rest of his Captains, Adherents and Men, shall be for ever hereafter in a perfect State of Freedom and Liberty, excepting those who have been taken by them, or fled to them within the two Years last past, if such are willing to return to their said Masters and Owners, with full Pardon and Indemnity from their Masters and Owners for what is past. Provided always, That if they are not willing to return, they shall remain in Subjection to Captain Cudjoe
Please note this clause. It’s bullshit, because it’s asking the Maroons to hand over their own people or, even worse in some ways, to enslave them themselves.
“But wait!” you might say. “Couldn’t that clause be taken to mean that they’ll just be subject to Cudjoe’s rule?” And yes, it very well could, except:
That if any Negroes shall hereafter run away from their Master or Owners, and fall into Captain Cudjoe’s Hands, they shall immediately be sent back to the Chief Majistrate of the next Parish where they are taken; and those that bring them are to be satisfied for their trouble, as Legislature shall appoint.
From the Windward Treaties:
- That in case Captain Quao, or his people, shall take up run away negroes that shall abscond from their respective owners, and shall be paid for so doing as the legislature shall appoint.
Yeah. There it is. They were expected to not only hand over any people who had fled to them within the last two years – they were expected to hand over any escaped slaves PERIOD who made their way to the Maroons. I’d also like you to note the phrase “satisfied for their trouble.” They were offering A REWARD for the Maroons to participate in slavery from that point on – asking them to fucking SELL PEOPLE BACK TO THE ENGLISH. If the treaty that was offered to Madi and her people was anything like this – why the fuck would Julius support it? He and his people definitely fall into the category of “people who had run away to the Maroons within the last two years.” They definitely would have understood that they were not safe among their own people – go ahead, raise your hand if you think that the English definitely intended to have black people selling black people, even perhaps those who were not runaways, while the local magistrate gave a wink and a nod and just took whoever was brought to him on the theory that they ran from SOMEONE. I’m not saying it happened that way, but I’m saying that was the intent.
Onward. Next Problematic Clause:
That they shall have Liberty to plant the said Lands with Coffee, Ginger, Tobacco and Cotton, and breed Cattle, Hogs, Goats, or any other stock, and dispose of the Produce or Increase of the said Commodities to the Inhabitants of this Island. Provided always, That when they bring the said Commodities to Market, they shall apply first to the Custos, or any other Majistrate of the respective Parishes where they expose their Goods to Sale, for Licence to vend the same.
So….they have the liberty to grow those crops, but pray tell which one of them in their right mind is supposed to risk someone deciding they’re a runaway slave when they come to market and ending up getting sold themselves? Furthermore, which local magistrate do these people imagine is going to give them license to sell their goods when there are white farmers and white merchants who were most definitely going to get priority and then whoops all the space at the market is gone, so sorry!
That in case this island be invaded by any foreign Enemy, the said Captain Cudjoe, and his Successors herein and after named, or to be appointed, shall then, upon Notice given, immediately repair to any place the Governor for the Time being shall appoint, in order to repel the said Invaders with his or their utmost Force; and to submit to the Orders of the Commander in Chief on that Occasion.
Again – pray tell, whomst exactly is to decide what constitutes appropriate threat for these people to be summarily used in a war that maybe has nothing to do with them? Who exactly gets to say when they’ve done enough, or are they now meant to be soldiers for the English with no say in the matter, aka FUCKING SLAVES AGAIN?! There are holes in this treaty Swiss Cheese would be proud of.
That Captain Cudjoe shall, during his Life, be Commander in Trelawney Town, after his Decease the Command to devolve of his Brother Captain Accompong; and in case of his Decease, on his next Brother Captain Johnny; and, failing him, Captain Cuffee shall succeed, who is to be succeeded by Captain Quaco,and after all their Demises, the Governor or Commander in Chief for the Time being, shall appoint from Time to Time whom he thinks fit for that Command.
See my above criticism, only about a hundred times more strongly stated, since this essentially states that if, say, all of these men were to be killed by – gosh, I don’t know, the fucking Governor himself, perhaps, since he’d benefit greatly from it – the said Governor then gets to appoint his puppet to have control of the Maroons. In fact, I don’t see anything stating he can’t put a white man in charge of them and thus end Maroon independence entirely.
That in case any white man, or other the inhabitants of this island, shall disturb or annoy any of the people, hogs, flock, or whatever goods may belong to the said Captain Quao, or any of his people, when they come down to the settlements to vend the same, upon due complaint made to a magistrate, he or they shall have justice done them.
Yeah. Uh huh. Sure. Anyone care to make a bet on how often justice was actually received in the case of a white man hurting Maroons? I’ll wait.
That Captain Cudjoe with his People shall cut, clear, and keep open, large, and convenient Roads from Trelawney Town to Westmoreland and St. James, and if possible to St. Elizabeth’s.
Uh huh. Sounds legit. Sure. Except, you know – for that thing where open roads – wide open, convenient roads – are really great for anyone who wants to, say, march soldiers to the Maroons’ camp in the future. And oh look – that’s exactly what fucking happened LESS THAN A CENTURY LATER.
That two White Men to be nominated by his Excellency, or the Commander in Chief for the Time being, shall constantly live and reside with Captain Cudjoe and his Successors, in order to maintain a friendly Correspondence with the Inhabitants of this Island.
My, what lovely spies you’ve sent, Lord Governor! Please note that in the case of the Windward Maroons, this number of white men living among black people, reporting back on them, probably assisting in raising tensions and generally causing trouble, was raised to four.
So uh – yeah. Tell me again that the treaty wasn’t shit, or that Madi shouldn’t have rejected it out of hand, or that Julius would have agreed to this, being that it would see him enslaved again in all likelihood? I don’t think so, somehow.